2015 issue | 4(1) 2015
Southern Cross Publishing Group©2015
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA
Research Article Open Access
Selection strategies to choose better parents in tomato using genetic parameters
Tasnia Taiana, Md. Harun-Ur-Rashid*, Shahanaz Parveen, Md. Sarowar Hossain and Md. Azadul Haque
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Abstract
This experiment comprising a total of 21 genotypes of tomato was evaluated in RCBD to show variation, heritability, genetic advance and genetic advance in percentage of mean of different yield contributing traits. All the genotypes varied significantly with each other for all the studied characters indicated the presence of inherent genetic variations among the genotypes. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were slightly higher than the respective genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters under study indicating that the characters were less influenced by the environment. Plant height and number of fruits per plant showed high heritability along with high genetic advance were normally more helpful in predicting the genetic gain under selection. Moderate heritability for primary branches per plant indicated favorable influence of environment rather than genotypes. Considering this idea and other agronomic performances, the genotypes BD-7748, Local Jessore -3 and Local Kustia- 1, BD-7762, BD-7285 and BARI hybrid-4, BD-7290, BD-9011 and BARI Tomato-3 might be considered better parents for efficient hybridization programme in Bangladesh.
Pages 33-39 | Full Text PDF
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Research Article Open Access
Influence of salinity and adaptive compounds on oxidative stress and antioxidant system in broad bean cultivars contrasting in salt tolerance
Mahmoud Elbaz Younis* and Shaimaa Mohamed Nagy Tourky
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage were increased with an increase in salinity; levels for these parameters being lower in the tolerant cultivar (Giza 843) than those in the sensitive one (Giza 716). Treatment with salicylic acid, proline, ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, in general, variably reduced the levels of these parameters, while combination of these compounds with NaCl partially counteracted the accumulation of H2O2 and the increased lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage; SA appeared the most inductive. In contrast with a decrease in anthocyanins, total phenols, ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione contents were increased in response to salinization; the magnitude of response being higher with high NaCl. Application of adaptive compounds, either alone or in combination with NaCl, caused a significant increase in the contents of total phenols, AsA and GSH as well as variable changes in anthocyanin contents in relation to controls. The increased values appeared most pronounced with SA and with 300 mM NaCl. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) increased significantly in both cultivars treated with 50 mM NaCl whereas at 300 mM NaCl, a significant decrease was observed in the activities of SOD, CAT, POX and PPO below the control levels; while the activities of APX and GR increased. Treatment with each of the adaptive compounds either alone or in combination with each salinity level, significantly increased the activities of all the antioxidant enzymes in both the cultivars of broad bean seedlings; SA appeared to be the most effective. The results of the present study indicate the beneficial effect of the used adaptive compounds on salinity tolerance and the best response was observed with salicylic acid.
Pages 25-32 | Full Text PDF
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Research Article Open Access
The impact of source limitations on yield formation, storage capacity and contribution of stem reserves to the growing grains of modern barley cultivars under post-anthesis water deficiency
Mandana Azhand, Mohsen Saeidi, Majid Abdoli*, Maryam Khas-Amiri
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Recourse, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran
Abstract
Drought stress at grain filling is the prominent and inevitable characteristic of arid and semi-arid areas. The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of drought stress and the role of current of assimilates on grain filling, storage capacity and contribution of stem reserves to the growing grains. Therefore, an experiment was carried out in a split-plot factorial arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications during 2010-2011 season cropping cycle in research farm of Razi University in Iran. The moisture regimes were well watered (non-water stress) and drought stressed (post-anthesis water deficiency with withholding of irrigation and continued until physiological maturity). The barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) including Aras, Afzal, Jonub, Reihan, Zarjo, Sararud, Sahra, Fajr-30, Karoun, Gorgan-4, Makuei and Nosrat, also the source manipulation treatments including control, defoliation of flag leaf, defoliation of all leaves except the flag leaf, de-awning and ear shaded were imposed at anthesis. The results showed that, grain yield (GY) was reduced by 20.7% under drought due to 9.8 and 15.3% reduction in thousand grain weight (TGW) and number of grains per spike (NGS), respectively. Under removing of assimilate sources, remobilization of stored material from the stem internodes was increased and these results suggest the compensatory role of different part of stem in preventing yield loss. Drought stress could not increase the remobilization efficiency (RE), but in terms of mentioned traits, there were significant differences between cultivars and different removing photosynthetic sources. Cultivars with longer internodes had greater amounts of photo-assimilates in different parts of the stem and also higher amount of remobilization to the growing grains than in comparison to cultivars with shorter internodes. In both well water and drought stress treatments, the amounts of remobilization from different parts of stem to the growing grains were similar, but under well watered condition due to higher photosynthesis rate compare to drought stress condition, GY was higher.
Pages 13-24 | Full Text PDF
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Research Article Open Access
Planting date effects on the incidence of mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) and cultivars performance under rainfed environments
Muhammad Naveed*, Muhammad Shafiq, Chaudhary Muhammad Rafiq and Muhammad Sajjad Saeed
Pulses Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Jhang Road, Faisalabad-38950, Pakistan
Abstract
Optimum planting date is an important factor for achieving improved mungbean production in different agro-ecological zones of the world. To determine the effects of different planting dates on the performance of mungbean cultivars under rainfed conditions, a split plot experiment consisting of eight planting dates (May 26th, June 2nd, 9th, 16th, 23rd, 30th and July 7th, 14th) and two cultivars (AZRI.M-2006 & NM-2006) was conducted during May-October 2011 and 2012 at Gram Breeding Research Substation, Kallurkot, Bhakkar, Pakistan. Results revealed a productivity difference of 1766 kg/ha between the best (June 2nd) and worst (July 14th) planting date. Maximum plant height, pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod, 1000 grain weight, seed yield and fewer incidence of MYMV belonged to June 2nd planting followed by May 26th while beyond this, there was a gradual decrease in yield and relevant components and increase in MYMV incidence, being the highest on July 14th planted crop. Highest mean seed yield (1990 kg/ha) and lowest MYMV incidence were recorded from June 2nd sown experiments while lowest mean seed yield (224 kg/ha) and highest MYMV incidence were observed from July 14th sown trials. Mungbean sowing experiments conducted on June 2nd perhaps completed physiological phase’s i.e. vegetative and reproductive at proper time which accounted for its higher yield than later or earlier sown trials. Lesser incidence of MYMV and shorter plant height of AZRI-M.2006 with greater pods per plant, pod length, 1000 grain weight contributed to its more seed yield than NM-2006. Further, correlation studies revealed positive and significant relationship of seed yield with plant height, pods per plant, pod length and seeds per pod while negative and significant with MYMV.
Pages 7-12 | Full Text PDF
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Research Article Open Access
Exogenous application of plant growth promoting substances enhances the growth, yield and quality of maize (Zea mays L.)
Muhammad Umer Chattha, Mohammad Aamir Sana, Hassan Munir, Umair Ashraf, Ihtisham-ul-Haq* and Shahid ibni Zamir
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
Depatment of Crop science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
Abstract
Plant growth promoting substances (PGPS) improve plant performance through modulation of its growth and yield. To study the possible role of PGPS maize was subjected to various PGPS Viz; kinetin (30 ppm), humic acid (2%), Moringa leaves extract (MLE) (2%), ascorbic acid (2%), Salicylic acid (2%), ‘neem’ seed powder (NSP) extract (2%) and water spray (control) at 6 leave and 8 leave stage. We found that foliar application of kinetin, humic acid, MLE and ascorbic acid remarkably (p=0.05) improved growth, yield and quality attributes of maize while salicylic acid and NSP extract application was not so much promotive in action compared to control (water spray). MLE enhanced crop growth rate and number of leaves per plant while maximum leaf area, 1000-grain weight, grain and biological yield as well as grain protein and starch contents were recoded where ascorbic acid was applied. However, plant height and total phenolic content were highest in plants treated with humic acid. So, all tested PGPS were variable in their effect, however, they improved the plant performance and may be applied to improve growth and yield of maize.
Pages 1-6 | Full Text PDF
Selection strategies to choose better parents in tomato using genetic parameters
Tasnia Taiana, Md. Harun-Ur-Rashid*, Shahanaz Parveen, Md. Sarowar Hossain and Md. Azadul Haque
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Abstract
This experiment comprising a total of 21 genotypes of tomato was evaluated in RCBD to show variation, heritability, genetic advance and genetic advance in percentage of mean of different yield contributing traits. All the genotypes varied significantly with each other for all the studied characters indicated the presence of inherent genetic variations among the genotypes. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were slightly higher than the respective genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters under study indicating that the characters were less influenced by the environment. Plant height and number of fruits per plant showed high heritability along with high genetic advance were normally more helpful in predicting the genetic gain under selection. Moderate heritability for primary branches per plant indicated favorable influence of environment rather than genotypes. Considering this idea and other agronomic performances, the genotypes BD-7748, Local Jessore -3 and Local Kustia- 1, BD-7762, BD-7285 and BARI hybrid-4, BD-7290, BD-9011 and BARI Tomato-3 might be considered better parents for efficient hybridization programme in Bangladesh.
Pages 33-39 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Research Article Open Access
Influence of salinity and adaptive compounds on oxidative stress and antioxidant system in broad bean cultivars contrasting in salt tolerance
Mahmoud Elbaz Younis* and Shaimaa Mohamed Nagy Tourky
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage were increased with an increase in salinity; levels for these parameters being lower in the tolerant cultivar (Giza 843) than those in the sensitive one (Giza 716). Treatment with salicylic acid, proline, ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, in general, variably reduced the levels of these parameters, while combination of these compounds with NaCl partially counteracted the accumulation of H2O2 and the increased lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage; SA appeared the most inductive. In contrast with a decrease in anthocyanins, total phenols, ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione contents were increased in response to salinization; the magnitude of response being higher with high NaCl. Application of adaptive compounds, either alone or in combination with NaCl, caused a significant increase in the contents of total phenols, AsA and GSH as well as variable changes in anthocyanin contents in relation to controls. The increased values appeared most pronounced with SA and with 300 mM NaCl. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) increased significantly in both cultivars treated with 50 mM NaCl whereas at 300 mM NaCl, a significant decrease was observed in the activities of SOD, CAT, POX and PPO below the control levels; while the activities of APX and GR increased. Treatment with each of the adaptive compounds either alone or in combination with each salinity level, significantly increased the activities of all the antioxidant enzymes in both the cultivars of broad bean seedlings; SA appeared to be the most effective. The results of the present study indicate the beneficial effect of the used adaptive compounds on salinity tolerance and the best response was observed with salicylic acid.
Pages 25-32 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Research Article Open Access
The impact of source limitations on yield formation, storage capacity and contribution of stem reserves to the growing grains of modern barley cultivars under post-anthesis water deficiency
Mandana Azhand, Mohsen Saeidi, Majid Abdoli*, Maryam Khas-Amiri
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Recourse, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran
Abstract
Drought stress at grain filling is the prominent and inevitable characteristic of arid and semi-arid areas. The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of drought stress and the role of current of assimilates on grain filling, storage capacity and contribution of stem reserves to the growing grains. Therefore, an experiment was carried out in a split-plot factorial arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications during 2010-2011 season cropping cycle in research farm of Razi University in Iran. The moisture regimes were well watered (non-water stress) and drought stressed (post-anthesis water deficiency with withholding of irrigation and continued until physiological maturity). The barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) including Aras, Afzal, Jonub, Reihan, Zarjo, Sararud, Sahra, Fajr-30, Karoun, Gorgan-4, Makuei and Nosrat, also the source manipulation treatments including control, defoliation of flag leaf, defoliation of all leaves except the flag leaf, de-awning and ear shaded were imposed at anthesis. The results showed that, grain yield (GY) was reduced by 20.7% under drought due to 9.8 and 15.3% reduction in thousand grain weight (TGW) and number of grains per spike (NGS), respectively. Under removing of assimilate sources, remobilization of stored material from the stem internodes was increased and these results suggest the compensatory role of different part of stem in preventing yield loss. Drought stress could not increase the remobilization efficiency (RE), but in terms of mentioned traits, there were significant differences between cultivars and different removing photosynthetic sources. Cultivars with longer internodes had greater amounts of photo-assimilates in different parts of the stem and also higher amount of remobilization to the growing grains than in comparison to cultivars with shorter internodes. In both well water and drought stress treatments, the amounts of remobilization from different parts of stem to the growing grains were similar, but under well watered condition due to higher photosynthesis rate compare to drought stress condition, GY was higher.
Pages 13-24 | Full Text PDF
.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Research Article Open Access
Planting date effects on the incidence of mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) and cultivars performance under rainfed environments
Muhammad Naveed*, Muhammad Shafiq, Chaudhary Muhammad Rafiq and Muhammad Sajjad Saeed
Pulses Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Jhang Road, Faisalabad-38950, Pakistan
Abstract
Optimum planting date is an important factor for achieving improved mungbean production in different agro-ecological zones of the world. To determine the effects of different planting dates on the performance of mungbean cultivars under rainfed conditions, a split plot experiment consisting of eight planting dates (May 26th, June 2nd, 9th, 16th, 23rd, 30th and July 7th, 14th) and two cultivars (AZRI.M-2006 & NM-2006) was conducted during May-October 2011 and 2012 at Gram Breeding Research Substation, Kallurkot, Bhakkar, Pakistan. Results revealed a productivity difference of 1766 kg/ha between the best (June 2nd) and worst (July 14th) planting date. Maximum plant height, pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod, 1000 grain weight, seed yield and fewer incidence of MYMV belonged to June 2nd planting followed by May 26th while beyond this, there was a gradual decrease in yield and relevant components and increase in MYMV incidence, being the highest on July 14th planted crop. Highest mean seed yield (1990 kg/ha) and lowest MYMV incidence were recorded from June 2nd sown experiments while lowest mean seed yield (224 kg/ha) and highest MYMV incidence were observed from July 14th sown trials. Mungbean sowing experiments conducted on June 2nd perhaps completed physiological phase’s i.e. vegetative and reproductive at proper time which accounted for its higher yield than later or earlier sown trials. Lesser incidence of MYMV and shorter plant height of AZRI-M.2006 with greater pods per plant, pod length, 1000 grain weight contributed to its more seed yield than NM-2006. Further, correlation studies revealed positive and significant relationship of seed yield with plant height, pods per plant, pod length and seeds per pod while negative and significant with MYMV.
Pages 7-12 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Research Article Open Access
Exogenous application of plant growth promoting substances enhances the growth, yield and quality of maize (Zea mays L.)
Muhammad Umer Chattha, Mohammad Aamir Sana, Hassan Munir, Umair Ashraf, Ihtisham-ul-Haq* and Shahid ibni Zamir
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
Depatment of Crop science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
Abstract
Plant growth promoting substances (PGPS) improve plant performance through modulation of its growth and yield. To study the possible role of PGPS maize was subjected to various PGPS Viz; kinetin (30 ppm), humic acid (2%), Moringa leaves extract (MLE) (2%), ascorbic acid (2%), Salicylic acid (2%), ‘neem’ seed powder (NSP) extract (2%) and water spray (control) at 6 leave and 8 leave stage. We found that foliar application of kinetin, humic acid, MLE and ascorbic acid remarkably (p=0.05) improved growth, yield and quality attributes of maize while salicylic acid and NSP extract application was not so much promotive in action compared to control (water spray). MLE enhanced crop growth rate and number of leaves per plant while maximum leaf area, 1000-grain weight, grain and biological yield as well as grain protein and starch contents were recoded where ascorbic acid was applied. However, plant height and total phenolic content were highest in plants treated with humic acid. So, all tested PGPS were variable in their effect, however, they improved the plant performance and may be applied to improve growth and yield of maize.
Pages 1-6 | Full Text PDF
